# # The Python Imaging Library. # $Id$ # # im.show() drivers # # History: # 2008-04-06 fl Created # # Copyright (c) Secret Labs AB 2008. # # See the README file for information on usage and redistribution. # import os import shutil import subprocess import sys import tempfile from shlex import quote from PIL import Image _viewers = [] def register(viewer, order=1): """ The :py:func:`register` function is used to register additional viewers. :param viewer: The viewer to be registered. :param order: Zero or a negative integer to prepend this viewer to the list, a positive integer to append it. """ try: if issubclass(viewer, Viewer): viewer = viewer() except TypeError: pass # raised if viewer wasn't a class if order > 0: _viewers.append(viewer) else: _viewers.insert(0, viewer) def show(image, title=None, **options): r""" Display a given image. :param image: An image object. :param title: Optional title. Not all viewers can display the title. :param \**options: Additional viewer options. :returns: ``True`` if a suitable viewer was found, ``False`` otherwise. """ for viewer in _viewers: if viewer.show(image, title=title, **options): return 1 return 0 class Viewer: """Base class for viewers.""" # main api def show(self, image, **options): """ The main function for displaying an image. Converts the given image to the target format and displays it. """ if not ( image.mode in ("1", "RGBA") or (self.format == "PNG" and image.mode in ("I;16", "LA")) ): base = Image.getmodebase(image.mode) if image.mode != base: image = image.convert(base) return self.show_image(image, **options) # hook methods format = None """The format to convert the image into.""" options = {} """Additional options used to convert the image.""" def get_format(self, image): """Return format name, or ``None`` to save as PGM/PPM.""" return self.format def get_command(self, file, **options): """ Returns the command used to display the file. Not implemented in the base class. """ raise NotImplementedError def save_image(self, image): """Save to temporary file and return filename.""" return image._dump(format=self.get_format(image), **self.options) def show_image(self, image, **options): """Display the given image.""" return self.show_file(self.save_image(image), **options) def show_file(self, file, **options): """Display the given file.""" os.system(self.get_command(file, **options)) return 1 # -------------------------------------------------------------------- class WindowsViewer(Viewer): """The default viewer on Windows is the default system application for PNG files.""" format = "PNG" options = {"compress_level": 1} def get_command(self, file, **options): return ( f'start "Pillow" /WAIT "{file}" ' "&& ping -n 2 127.0.0.1 >NUL " f'&& del /f "{file}"' ) if sys.platform == "win32": register(WindowsViewer) class MacViewer(Viewer): """The default viewer on MacOS using ``Preview.app``.""" format = "PNG" options = {"compress_level": 1} def get_command(self, file, **options): # on darwin open returns immediately resulting in the temp # file removal while app is opening command = "open -a Preview.app" command = f"({command} {quote(file)}; sleep 20; rm -f {quote(file)})&" return command def show_file(self, file, **options): """Display given file""" fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp() with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f: f.write(file) with open(path) as f: subprocess.Popen( ["im=$(cat); open -a Preview.app $im; sleep 20; rm -f $im"], shell=True, stdin=f, ) os.remove(path) return 1 if sys.platform == "darwin": register(MacViewer) class UnixViewer(Viewer): format = "PNG" options = {"compress_level": 1} def get_command(self, file, **options): command = self.get_command_ex(file, **options)[0] return f"({command} {quote(file)}; rm -f {quote(file)})&" def show_file(self, file, **options): """Display given file""" fd, path = tempfile.mkstemp() with os.fdopen(fd, "w") as f: f.write(file) with open(path) as f: command = self.get_command_ex(file, **options)[0] subprocess.Popen( ["im=$(cat);" + command + " $im; rm -f $im"], shell=True, stdin=f ) os.remove(path) return 1 class DisplayViewer(UnixViewer): """The ImageMagick ``display`` command.""" def get_command_ex(self, file, **options): command = executable = "display" return command, executable class GmDisplayViewer(UnixViewer): """The GraphicsMagick ``gm display`` command.""" def get_command_ex(self, file, **options): executable = "gm" command = "gm display" return command, executable class EogViewer(UnixViewer): """The GNOME Image Viewer ``eog`` command.""" def get_command_ex(self, file, **options): executable = "eog" command = "eog -n" return command, executable class XVViewer(UnixViewer): """ The X Viewer ``xv`` command. This viewer supports the ``title`` parameter. """ def get_command_ex(self, file, title=None, **options): # note: xv is pretty outdated. most modern systems have # imagemagick's display command instead. command = executable = "xv" if title: command += f" -name {quote(title)}" return command, executable if sys.platform not in ("win32", "darwin"): # unixoids if shutil.which("display"): register(DisplayViewer) if shutil.which("gm"): register(GmDisplayViewer) if shutil.which("eog"): register(EogViewer) if shutil.which("xv"): register(XVViewer) class IPythonViewer(Viewer): """The viewer for IPython frontends.""" def show_image(self, image, **options): ipython_display(image) return 1 try: from IPython.display import display as ipython_display except ImportError: pass else: register(IPythonViewer) if __name__ == "__main__": if len(sys.argv) < 2: print("Syntax: python3 ImageShow.py imagefile [title]") sys.exit() with Image.open(sys.argv[1]) as im: print(show(im, *sys.argv[2:]))